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International Journal of
Chemical Science
ARCHIVES
VOL. 9, ISSUE 1 (2025)
Molecular engineering of alcohol-modified choline chloride–acrylic acid deep eutectic solvents: Thermodynamic and structural insights for green applications
Authors
Janvi Patel, Omshubham Kedia
Abstract

There has been extensive research on deep eutectic solvents (DESs), particularly those composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and acrylic acid (AA), due to the need for solvents that are both sustainable and customizable. This study investigates how the addition of structural isomers of butanol—1-butanol, 2-butanol, and 3-butanol—affects the density and volumetric behavior of a ChCl: AA (1:2) DES at temperatures between 293.15 and 323.15 K and atmospheric pressure. We performed experimental density measurements to find excess molar volumes (VmE), which were all negative. This means that the DES and alcohol molecules were very strongly associated with one other. As the butanol isomers became more branched, their interaction strength and packing efficiency went down. Thermodynamic simulation employing the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson (PFP) theory and the Extended Real Associated Solution (ERAS) model elucidated particular interactions, free volume effects, and departures from ideal performance. In the systems examined, ChCl–AA + 3-butanol demonstrated the most significant negative VmE, indicating a greater degree of structural disruption resulting from the inclusion of tertiary alcohol. This work demonstrates that the properties of DESs can be modified by adding alcohol, enabling the development of green solvents with tailored properties for advanced chemical processing applications.

Pages:39-48
How to cite this article:
Janvi Patel, Omshubham Kedia "Molecular engineering of alcohol-modified choline chloride–acrylic acid deep eutectic solvents: Thermodynamic and structural insights for green applications". International Journal of Chemical Science, Vol 9, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 39-48
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