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VOL. 10, ISSUE 1 (2026)
The therapeutic potential of Opuntia ficus-indica powder as a functional food for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review
Authors
Vo Thi My Nga
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health
concern characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and
progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. Although pharmacological therapies
remain the cornerstone of T2DM management, their long-term effectiveness is
often constrained by adverse effects, economic burden, and suboptimal
adherence, thereby stimulating growing interest in complementary nutritional
strategies. Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI), commonly known as prickly pear
cactus, has a long history of traditional use in glycemic control and has
recently attracted scientific attention as a functional food with antidiabetic
potential. This comprehensive review critically synthesizes current evidence on
the therapeutic relevance of dehydrated OFI cladode powder in T2DM management.
Particular emphasis is placed on its phytochemical composition, including
soluble dietary fibers (mucilage and pectin), polyphenols, flavonoids,
betalains, and essential micronutrients, as well as the influence of processing
technologies on bioactive stability. The molecular mechanisms underlying its
hypoglycemic effects—such as inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes,
activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), enhancement of insulin
sensitivity, modulation of gut microbiota, and attenuation of oxidative
stress—are systematically discussed. Evidence from preclinical models and human
clinical studies is critically evaluated to assess efficacy, safety, and translational
applicability in functional food development. Collectively, available data
support OFI cladode powder as a promising, safe, and sustainable dietary
adjunct for improving glycemic control in T2DM, while highlighting the need for
standardized production and large-scale clinical trials.
Pages:14-18
How to cite this article:
Vo Thi My Nga "The therapeutic potential of <i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> powder as a functional food for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A comprehensive review". International Journal of Chemical Science, Vol 10, Issue 1, 2026, Pages 14-18
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